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  2. If left untreated, gout may result in radiographic abnormalities, that is, cartilage loss and periarticular osteopenia plus more-or-less gout-specific radiographic abnormalities: spurs, sclerosis, and periosta...

    Authors: Tim L Jansen
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:126
    Content type: Editorial Published on:

  3. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of diverse manifestations, with onset usually in young women in the third to fourth decade of life. The chronic nature of this relapsing remitting di...

    Authors: Aisha Lateef and Michelle Petri
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14(Suppl 4):S4
    Content type: Review Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 4

  4. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) employing ethanol-fixed neutrophils (ethN) is still the method of choice for assessing antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV). Howe...

    Authors: Ilka Knütter, Rico Hiemann, Therese Brumma, Thomas Büttner, Kai Großmann, Marco Cusini, Francesca Pregnolato, Maria Orietta Borghi, Ursula Anderer, Karsten Conrad, Dirk Reinhold, Dirk Roggenbuck and Elena Csernok
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R271
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Accelerated cardiovascular (CV) disease significantly contributes to increased mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, with a risk comparable to the one observed in patients with type 2 diabetes melli...

    Authors: Shailey S Desai, James D Myles and Mariana J Kaplan
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R270
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The effector functions of immunoglobulin G (IgG) are mediated by interaction of its Fc region with Fc receptors (FcγRs) and/or the complement system. The three main pathways of complement activation converge a...

    Authors: Jennifer L Auger, Stefanie Haasken and Bryce A Binstadt
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R269
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation leads to malfunction of the cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). Inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) functions in ECM degradation and prevents ECM synthesis by ...

    Authors: Linghui Dai, Xin Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, Chunyan Zhou and Yingfang Ao
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R268
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. We previously showed that Link N can stimulate extracellular matrix biosynthesis by intervertebral disc (IVD) cells, both in vitro and in vivo, and is therefore a potential stimulator of IVD repair. The purpose o...

    Authors: John Antoniou, Hong Tian Wang, Abdulrahman M Alaseem, Lisbet Haglund, Peter J Roughley and Fackson Mwale
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R267
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial lining hyperplasia, in which there may be an imbalance between the growth and death of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). Antibodies against citrullinat...

    Authors: Lieying Fan, Qiang Wang, Rongqing Liu, Ming Zong, Dongyi He, Hui Zhang, Yuanyuan Ding and Jianwei Ma
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R266
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a chronic disease characterized by disfigurement and a relapsing course. Thalidomide has proven its efficacy in refractory cutaneous lupus disease, although it is not exe...

    Authors: Josefina Cortés-Hernández, Gabriela Ávila, Miquel Vilardell-Tarrés and Josep Ordi-Ros
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The goal of this study is to investigate whether the -308G > A promoter polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) gene is associated with disease severity and radiologic joint damage in a large cohor...

    Authors: Erik JM Toonen, Pilar Barrera, Jaap Fransen, Arjan PM de Brouwer, Agnes M Eijsbouts, Pierre Miossec, Hubert Marotte, Hans Scheffer, Piet LCM van Riel, Barbara Franke and Marieke JH Coenen
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R264
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. We hypothesised that fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is related to TNF-alpha induced dysregulation of cerebral blood flow. Our objectives were to assess fatigue, cognitive function and cerebral blood flow...

    Authors: Graham Raftery, Jiabao He, Ruth Pearce, Daniel Birchall, Julia L Newton, Andrew M Blamire and John D Isaacs
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. This study aimed to determine whether, as in osteoarthritis, increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) are present in the synovial fluid of patients with symptomatic cartilage defects and whether this IL-6 affe...

    Authors: Anika I Tsuchida, Michiel Beekhuizen, Marijn Rutgers, Gerjo JVM van Osch, Joris EJ Bekkers, Arjan GJ Bot, Bernd Geurts, Wouter JA Dhert, Daniel BF Saris and Laura B Creemers
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R262
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. The hyper-IgE syndromes (HIES; originally named Job's syndrome) are a collection of primary immunodeficiency syndromes resulting in elevated serum IgE levels and typified by recurrent staphylococcal skin absce...

    Authors: Patrick FK Yong, Alexandra F Freeman, Karin R Engelhardt, Steven Holland, Jennifer M Puck and Bodo Grimbacher
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:228
    Content type: Review Published on:

  15. Bone tissue has an exceptional quality to regenerate to native tissue in response to injury. However, the fracture repair process requires mechanical stability or a viable biological microenvironment or both t...

    Authors: Mandeep S Virk and Jay R Lieberman
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:225
    Content type: Review Published on:

  16. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease characterized by numerous autoantibodies and clinical involvement in multiple organ systems. The immunological events triggering the onset and progressio...

    Authors: Valentin Marian and Jennifer H Anolik
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14(Suppl 4):S3
    Content type: Review Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 4

  17. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are similar chronic inflammatory diseases whose definitive etiology is unknown. Following recent clinical and genetic evidence supporting an int...

    Authors: Franziska G Matzkies, Stephan R Targan, Dror Berel, Carol J Landers, John D Reveille, Dermot PB McGovern and Michael H Weisman
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R261
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The aim of this study was to examine whether circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory glycoprotein tenascin-C (TNC) are elevated in musculoskeletal disorders including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to assess...

    Authors: Theresa H Page, Peter J Charles, Anna M Piccinini, Vicky Nicolaidou, Peter C Taylor and Kim S Midwood
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Interleukin (IL)-32 is an inflammatory cytokine induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis in a variety of cell types and discovered in the synovial of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ...

    Authors: Hyun-Ja Jeong, Sun-Young Nam, Hyun-A Oh, Na-Ra Han, Young-Sick Kim, Phil-Dong Moon, Seung-Youp Shin, Min-Ho Kim and Hyung-Min Kim
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R259
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Evidence indicates that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have increased susceptibility to myocardial ischaemia that contributes to myocardial infarction. The subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) can be meas...

    Authors: Aamer Sandoo, Athanassios D Protogerou, James Hodson, Jacqueline P Smith, Evi Zampeli, Petros P Sfikakis and George D Kitas
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. We aimed to explore the involvement of a multiallelic functional polymorphism in knee osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility as a prototype of possible genetic factors escaping GWAS detection.

    Authors: Cristina Rodriguez-Fontenla, Andrew Carr, Juan J Gomez-Reino, Aspasia Tsezou, John Loughlin and Antonio Gonzalez
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R257
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Interleukin (IL)-21 is a member of type I cytokine family. Recent studies indicate that IL-21 can promote T follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation and survival, a specialized T cell subset which provides...

    Authors: Rui Liu, Qian Wu, Dinglei Su, Nan Che, Haifeng Chen, Linyu Geng, Jinyun Chen, Wanjun Chen, Xia Li and Lingyun Sun
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R255
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Clinical trials have demonstrated that treatment-to-target (T2T) is effective in achieving remission in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the concept of T2T has not been fully implemented yet and the q...

    Authors: Marloes Vermeer, Hillechiena H Kuper, Hein J Bernelot Moens, Monique Hoekstra, Marcel D Posthumus, Piet LCM van Riel and Mart AFJ van de Laar
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is unique in its pathology where inflammation commences at the entheses before progressing to an osteoproliferative phenotype generating excessive bone formation that can result in ...

    Authors: Katelin R Haynes, Allison R Pettit, Ran Duan, Hsu-Wen Tseng, Tibor T Glant, Matthew A Brown and Gethin P Thomas
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. BLyS and APRIL are cytokines from the tumor necrosis factor family which play an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous works suggested an association between both molecules and SLE dis...

    Authors: Worapot Treamtrakanpon, Pornpen Tantivitayakul, Thitima Benjachat, Poorichaya Somparn, Wipawee Kittikowit, Somchai Eiam-ong, Asada Leelahavanichkul, Nattiya Hirankarn and Yingyos Avihingsanon
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R252
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute febrile disease, characterized by systemic vasculitis, predominantly affects infants and children under 5 years of age. Coronary artery lesions (CALs) are its most critical comp...

    Authors: Yanqi Qi, Fangqi Gong, Qing Zhang, Chunhong Xie, Wei Wang and Songling Fu
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R251
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The majority of our knowledge regarding disease-related mechanisms of uncontrolled citrullination and anti-citrullinated protein antibody development in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated in Caucasian ...

    Authors: Chun Lai Too, Shahnaz Murad, Jasbir Singh Dhaliwal, Per Larsson, Xia Jiang, Bo Ding, Lars Alfredsson, Lars Klareskog and Leonid Padyukov
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients may show rapid radiographic progression (RRP) despite rapid initiation of synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The present study aimed to develop ...

    Authors: Bruno Fautrel, Benjamin Granger, Bernard Combe, Alain Saraux, Francis Guillemin and Xavier Le Loet
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The protein platform called the NOD-like-receptor -family member (NLRP)-3 inflammasome needs to be activated to process intracellular caspase-1. Active caspase-1 is able to cleave pro-Interleukin (IL)-1β, resu...

    Authors: Marije Oosting, Kathrin Buffen, Subbarao RK Malireddi, Patrick Sturm, Ineke Verschueren, Marije I Koenders, Frank L van de Veerdonk, Jos WM van der Meer, Mihai G Netea, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti and Leo AB Joosten
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R247
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Interleukin (IL)-32 and IL-17 play critical roles in pro-inflammatory responses and are highly expressed in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the relations between these ...

    Authors: Young-Mee Moon, Bo-Young Yoon, Yang-Mi Her, Hye-Joa Oh, Jae-Seon Lee, Kyoung-Woon Kim, Seon-Yeong Lee, Yun-Ju Woo, Kyung-Su Park, Sung-Hwan Park, Ho-Youn Kim and Mi-La Cho
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) pathway provides osteoclast co-stimulatory signals and regulates proliferation, survival and differentiation of effector immune cells. In the osteoclas...

    Authors: Tania N Crotti, Anak ASSK Dharmapatni, Ekram Alias, Andrew CW Zannettino, Malcolm D Smith and David R Haynes
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Progranulin (PGRN) is the precursor of granulin (GRN), a soluble cofactor for toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling evoked by oligonucleotide (CpG)-DNA. Because TLR9 signaling plays an important role in system...

    Authors: Atsushi Tanaka, Hiroshi Tsukamoto, Hiroki Mitoma, Chikako Kiyohara, Naoyasu Ueda, Masahiro Ayano, Shun-ichiro Ohta, Yasushi Inoue, Yojirou Arinobu, Hiroaki Niiro, Takahiko Horiuchi and Koichi Akashi
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R244
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by an abundance of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a proximal transducer of the BCR signal ...

    Authors: Jack Hutcheson, Kamala Vanarsa, Anna Bashmakov, Simer Grewal, Deena Sajitharan, Betty Y Chang, Joseph J Buggy, Xin J Zhou, Yong Du, Anne B Satterthwaite and Chandra Mohan
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Anti-CD20 therapy using rituximab directly targeting B cells has been approved for treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides and h...

    Authors: Henrik E Mei, Stefanie Schmidt and Thomas Dörner
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14(Suppl 5):S1
    Content type: Review Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 5

  38. Sodium ferulate (SF) is a natural component of traditional Chinese herbs. Our previous study shows that SF has a protective effect on osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of this study was to investigate the eff...

    Authors: Jun Qin, Liang Shang, An-song Ping, Jing Li, Xiao-jun Li, Hong Yu, Jacques Magdalou, Liao-bin Chen and Hui Wang
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Arthritis Research & Therapy 2013 15:407

  39. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a fraction of plasma in which several growth factors are concentrated at high levels. The active soluble releasate isolated following platelet activation of PRP (PRP-releasate) ha...

    Authors: Shuji Obata, Koji Akeda, Takao Imanishi, Koichi Masuda, Won Bae, Ryo Morimoto, Yumiko Asanuma, Yuichi Kasai, Atsumasa Uchida and Akihiro Sudo
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune arthritis characterized by joint destruction. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies are pathologic in rheumatoid arthritis, but the role of the citrullinated proteins them...

    Authors: Miriam A Shelef, David A Bennin, Deane F Mosher and Anna Huttenlocher
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The largest genetic risk to develop rheumatoid arthritis (RA) arises from a group of alleles of the HLA DRB1 locus ('shared epitope', SE). Over 30 non-HLA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) predisposing to di...

    Authors: Sebastien Viatte, Edward Flynn, Mark Lunt, Joanne Barnes, Madeleine Singwe-Ngandeu, Sylvette Bas, Anne Barton and Cem Gabay
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. B-cell activating factor (BAFF), a member of the family of TNF-like cytokines, supports the survival and differentiation of B cells. The successful development of belimumab, a human antibody targeting soluble ...

    Authors: Alexis Boneparth and Anne Davidson
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14(Suppl 4):S2
    Content type: Review Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 4

  43. The clearest evidence that B cells play an important role in human autoimmunity is that immunotherapies that deplete B cells are very effective treatments for many autoimmune diseases. All people, healthy or i...

    Authors: Natalia V Giltiay, Craig P Chappell and Edward A Clark
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14(Suppl 4):S1
    Content type: Review Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 4

  44. Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with complex etiopathogenesis. Despite extensive studies to understand the disease process utilizing human and mouse models, the intersection be...

    Authors: Steve Horvath, Abu NM Nazmul-Hossain, Rodney PE Pollard, Frans GM Kroese, Arjan Vissink, Cees GM Kallenberg, Fred KL Spijkervet, Hendrika Bootsma, Sara A Michie, Sven U Gorr, Ammon B Peck, Chaochao Cai, Hui Zhou and David TW Wong
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Immune responses against collagen type II (CII) are crucial for the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the CII-directed T cell and antibod...

    Authors: Tsvetelina Batsalova, Ingrid Lindh, Johan Bäcklund, Balik Dzhambazov and Rikard Holmdahl
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Women with fibromyalgia (FM) have symptoms of increased muscular fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance, which may be associated with alterations in muscle microcirculation and oxygen metabolism. This study us...

    Authors: Yu Shang, Katelyn Gurley, Brock Symons, Douglas Long, Ratchakrit Srikuea, Leslie J Crofford, Charlotte A Peterson and Guoqiang Yu
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are central to the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Impaired activity and/or a lower frequency of these cells lead to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

    Authors: Zhi-Yong Xiao, Shao-Hui Chen, Jun-Ping Cheng, Wen-Xia Zhou, Yong-Xiang Zhang, Ri-Fang Yang and Liu-Hong Yun
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Recent genome-wide association studies have implicated the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3-interacting protein 2 (TRAF3IP2) gene and its product, nuclear factor-kappa-B activator 1 (Act1), i...

    Authors: Matthew S Doyle, Emily S Collins, Oliver M FitzGerald and Stephen R Pennington
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:226
    Content type: Review Published on:

  50. We identified silent liver fibrosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using transient elastography, and investigated medication that correlated with abnormal liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values.

    Authors: Sang-Won Lee, Hee-Jin Park, Beom Kyung Kim, Kwang-Hyub Han, Soo-Kon Lee, Seung Up Kim and Yong-Beom Park
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R232
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

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