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  1. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), like many other autoimmune syndromes, is a disease of adults, with the highest incidence rates reported in the elderly. The immune system undergoes profound changes with advancing ag...

    Authors: Jörg J Goronzy and Cornelia M Weyand
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:225
  2. During inflammatory processes, monocytes leave the blood stream at increased rates and enter inflammation tissue, where they undergo phenotypic transformation to mature macrophages with enhanced phagocytic act...

    Authors: Sharon D Luikart, Hollis E Krug, Robert D Nelson, Timothy Hinkel, Peter Majeski, Pankaj Gupta, Maren L Mahowald and Theodore Oegema
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R310
  3. Osteoporosis results from a loss of bone mass and bone structure such that the bone becomes weak and fractures with very little trauma. Until recently, the approved osteoporosis therapies prevented more bone l...

    Authors: Nancy E Lane and Ariella Kelman
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:214
  4. Anakinra, the recombinant form of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), has been approved for clinical use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis as the drug Kineretâ„¢, but it must be administered daily by subcu...

    Authors: Jean-Noel Gouze, Elvire Gouze, Glyn D Palmer, Victor S Liew, Arnulf Pascher, Oliver B Betz, Thomas S Thornhill, Christopher H Evans, Alan J Grodzinsky and Steven C Ghivizzani
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R301
  5. Circulating CD3+CD4+CD28- cells exhibit reduced apoptosis and were found to be more enriched in patients with ankylosing spondylitis than in age-matched healthy control individuals (7.40 ± 6.6% versus 1.03 ± 1.0%...

    Authors: Christina Duftner, Christian Goldberger, Albrecht Falkenbach, Reinhard Würzner, Barbara Falkensammer, Karl P Pfeiffer, Elisabeth Maerker-Hermann and Michael Schirmer
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R292
  6. A synthetic triterpenoid, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties and to decrease the interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced expression of matrix metal...

    Authors: Sarah Elliott, Ezra Hays, Michael Mayor, Michael Sporn and Matthew Vincenti
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R285
  7. The aim of this research was to determine whether all memory T cells have the same propensity to migrate to the joint in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Paired synovial fluid and peripheral blood ...

    Authors: Antony PB Black, Hansha Bhayani, Clive AJ Ryder, Mark T Pugh, Janet MM Gardner-Medwin and Taunton R Southwood
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R277
  8. An impaired differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells towards Th2 cells may contribute to the chronic tissue-destructive T-cell activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into me...

    Authors: Joël AG van Roon, Catharina AFM Glaudemans, Johannes WJ Bijlsma and Floris PJG Lafeber
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R269
  9. Behçet's disease is a multisystem disease in which there is evidence of immunological dysregulation. It has been proposed that γ/δ T cells are involved in its pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to ...

    Authors: Giovanni Triolo, Antonina Accardo-Palumbo, Francesco Dieli, Francesco Ciccia, Angelo Ferrante, Ennio Giardina, Caterina Di Sano and Giuseppe Licata
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R262
  10. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of Fas in periarticular tenocytes of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and to study their susceptibility to Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis. Tendon ...

    Authors: Andreas Machner, Anja Baier, Aline Wille, Susanne Drynda, Géza Pap, Andreas Drynda, Christian Mawrin, Frank Bühling, Steffen Gay, Wolfram Neumann and Thomas Pap
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R253
  11. To improve our knowledge on the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we investigated gene expression patterns in synovial tissue from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. DNA oligonucleotide microarra...

    Authors: Peter Ruschpler, Peter Lorenz, Wolfram Eichler, Dirk Koczan, Claudia Hänel, Roger Scholz, Christian Melzer, Hans-Jürgen Thiesen and Peter Stiehl
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R241
  12. We investigated whether plasma and synovial fluid (SF) samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) contained extracellular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or the oxidatively damaged DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-2'-...

    Authors: Shahin Hajizadeh, Jeroen DeGroot, Johan M TeKoppele, Andrej Tarkowski and L Vincent Collins
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R234
  13. The detection of autoantibodies in human sera is an important approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with autoimmune conditions. To meet market demands, manufacturers have developed a wide variet...

    Authors: Marvin J Fritzler, Allan Wiik, Mark L Fritzler and Susan G Barr
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:192
  14. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we examined sequence-specific binding of DEK, a potential autoantigen in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, to conserved Y-box regulatory sequences in class II MHC gene...

    Authors: Barbara S Adams, Hyuk C Cha, Joanne Cleary, Tan Haiying, Hongling Wang, Kajal Sitwala and David M Markovitz
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R226
  15. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated in the development and pathogenicity of infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders, such as septic shock and arthritis. The zinc-finger protein tristetraprolin...

    Authors: Anna-Marie Fairhurst, John E Connolly, Katharine A Hintz, Nicolas J Goulding, Athos J Rassias, Mark P Yeager, William Rigby and Paul K Wallace
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R214
  16. Clonal expansion of CD4+CD28- T cells is a characteristic finding in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Expanded CD4+ clonotypes are present in the peripheral blood, infiltrate into the joints, and persist ...

    Authors: Andrzej Pawlik, Lidia Ostanek, Iwona Brzosko, Marek Brzosko, Marek Masiuk, Boguslaw Machalinski and Barbara Gawronska-Szklarz
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R210
  17. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) modulates the imbalance in bone remodeling, thereby decreasing bone loss. Sex hormones are known to influence rheumatic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the ...

    Authors: Helena Forsblad d'Elia, Lars-Ã…ke Mattsson, Claes Ohlsson, Elisabeth Nordborg and Hans Carlsten
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R202
  18. The meeting consisted of 11 talks that illustrated the complexity of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying systemic lupus erythematosus and aimed to identify ways in which cytokine modulation might affect tho...

    Authors: Anisur Rahman
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:160
  19. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) remains obscure, although angiogenesis appears to play an important role. We recently confirmed an overexpression of two angiogenic factors...

    Authors: Alexandra Giatromanolaki, Efthimios Sivridis, Efstratios Maltezos, Nick Athanassou, Dimitrios Papazoglou, Kevin C Gatter, Adrian L Harris and Michael I Koukourakis
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R193
  20. Changes in serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) were studied during a 6-month period from initiation of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients with either infliximab or etanercept, to elucidate...

    Authors: Meliha Crnkic, Bengt Månsson, Lotta Larsson, Pierre Geborek, Dick Heinegård and Tore Saxne
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R181
  21. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been characterized as a proinflammatory cytokine produced by CD4+ CD45RO+ memory T cells. Overproduction of IL-17 was detected in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)...

    Authors: Astrid Kehlen, A Pachnio, K Thiele and J Langner
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R186
  22. B cells are essential to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The chimeric monoclonal antibody rituximab depletes B cells by targeting the pan-B-cell surface marker CD20. Preliminary experien...

    Authors: Robert Eisenberg
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:157
  23. Before the mid-1980s the only autoantibody widely used to assist in diagnosing vasculitic disease was IgG antibody to the α3 domain of the noncollagenous part of type IV collagen (anti-glomerular basement membran...

    Authors: Allan Wiik
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:147
  24. We previously reported that autoantibodies (autoAbs) to the main epitope on CD69 reacted to its homologous amino acid sequence in low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 2 (LPR2), a multiligand recept...

    Authors: Seido Ooka, Toshihiro Matsui, Kusuki Nishioka and Tomohiro Kato
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R174
  25. Behçet's disease is characterized by recurrent aphthous stomatitis, uveitis, genital ulcers, and skin lesions. The role of the HLA-B*51 gene has been confirmed in recent years, although its contribution to the ov...

    Authors: Shunsei Hirohata and Hirotoshi Kikuchi
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:139
  26. To date, mesenchymal cells have only been associated with bone resorption indirectly, and it has been hypothesized that the degradation of bone is associated exclusively with specific functions of osteoclasts....

    Authors: Thomas Pap, Anja Claus, Susumu Ohtsu, Klaus M Hummel, Peter Schwartz, Susanne Drynda, Géza Pap, Andreas Machner, Bernhard Stein, Michael George, Renate E Gay, Wolfram Neumann, Steffen Gay and Wilhelm K Aicher
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R163
  27. The present case–control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between smoking and rheumatoid arthritis, and to investigate formally the interaction between sex, smoking, and risk for developing ...

    Authors: Eswar Krishnan, Tuulikki Sokka and Pekka Hannonen
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R158
  28. Depleting B cells with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies emerges as a new therapeutic strategy in autoimmune diseases. Preliminary clinical studies suggest therapeutic benefits in patients with classic autoantib...

    Authors: Jörg J Goronzy and Cornelia M Weyand
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:131
  29. Increasing attention has been directed towards identifying non-T-cell mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets in rheumatoid arthritis. Synovial fibroblast (SF) activation, a hallmark of rheumatoid arthriti...

    Authors: Vassilis Aidinis, David Plows, Sylva Haralambous, Maria Armaka, Petros Papadopoulos, Maria Zambia Kanaki, Dirk Koczan, Hans Juergen Thiesen and George Kollias
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R140
  30. To examine the effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on the regulation of cartilage synthesis and other articular pathologies, we used adenovirus-mediated intra-articular gene transfer of TGF-β1 to bot...

    Authors: Zhibao Mi, Steven C Ghivizzani, Eric Lechman, Joseph C Glorioso, Christopher H Evans and Paul D Robbins
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R132
  31. The intervertebral disc is a cartilaginous structure that resembles articular cartilage in its biochemistry, but morphologically it is clearly different. It shows degenerative and ageing changes earlier than d...

    Authors: Jill PG Urban and Sally Roberts
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:120
  32. To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the glycosaminoglycans hyaluronic acid (HYA) and chondroitin-4-sulphate (C4S), we used a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Arthritis was induced in Lewis ra...

    Authors: Giuseppe M Campo, Angela Avenoso, Salvatore Campo, Alida M Ferlazzo, Domenica Altavilla and Alberto Calatroni
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:R122
  33. CD44 is a multistructural cell-surface glycoprotein that can theoretically generate close to 800 isoforms by differential alternative splicing. At present, several dozen isoforms are known. The polymorphic nat...

    Authors: David Naor and Shlomo Nedvetzki
    Citation: Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:105

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