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  1. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression via degradation or translational repression of their targeted mRNAs. It is known that aberrant microRNA expression can play ...

    Authors: Kaleb M Pauley, Minoru Satoh, Annie L Chan, Michael R Bubb, Westley H Reeves and Edward KL Chan
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been identified in the human intervertebral disc (IVD) and have been implicated in the mechanisms associated with n...

    Authors: Devina Purmessur, Anthony J Freemont and Judith A Hoyland
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R99
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and destructive joint disease characterized by overexpression of pro-inflammatory/pro-destructive genes and other activating genes (for example, proto-oncoge...

    Authors: René Huber, Christian Hummert, Ulrike Gausmann, Dirk Pohlers, Dirk Koczan, Reinhard Guthke and Raimund W Kinne
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R98
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family ligands BAFF (B-cell activating factor of TNF family) and APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand) are essential for B-cell survival and function. Elevated serum levels o...

    Authors: Annie George-Chandy, Estelle Trysberg and Kristina Eriksson
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is an inducible transcription factor controlled by two principal signaling cascades, each activated by a set of signal ligands: the classical/canonical NF-κB activation pathway and th...

    Authors: Keith D Brown, Estefania Claudio and Ulrich Siebenlist
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:212
    Content type: Review Published on:

  6. The biological basis for the avascular state of the intervertebral disc is not well understood. Previous work has suggested that the presence of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a matricellular protein, in the outer ...

    Authors: Helen E Gruber, Paul Bornstein, E Helene Sage, Jane A Ingram, Natalia Zinchenko, H James Norton and Edward N Hanley Jr
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Health care utilisation ('claims') databases contain information about millions of patients and are an important source of information for a variety of study types. However, they typically do not contain infor...

    Authors: Gladys Ting, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Richard Scranton, Jeffrey N Katz, Michael E Weinblatt, Melissa Young, Jerry Avorn and Daniel H Solomon
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. There is increasing evidence that autoantibodies and immune complexes (ICs) contribute to synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet the autoantigens incorporated in ICs in RA remain incompletely characterised.

    Authors: Xiaoyan Zhao, Nwora Lance Okeke, Orr Sharpe, Franak M Batliwalla, Annette T Lee, Peggy P Ho, Beren H Tomooka, Peter K Gregersen and William H Robinson
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The aim of this study was to quantify the number of T-helper (TH)-17 cells present in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid (SF) and to determine the level of interleukin (IL)-17 cytokine in RA, osteoarthri...

    Authors: Shiva Shahrara, QiQuan Huang, Arthur M Mandelin II and Richard M Pope
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The in vitro invasive properties of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) have been shown to correlate with disease severity and radiographic damage. We recently determined that FLSs obtai...

    Authors: Teresina Laragione, Max Brenner, Wentian Li and Pércio S Gulko
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Using oligonucleotide microarray, many IFN-inducible genes have been found to be highly expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from most patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Among...

    Authors: Xiangyang Huang, Nan Shen, Chunde Bao, Yueying Gu, Li Wu and Shunle Chen
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are expressed during osteogenesis and their action is regulated by corresponding BMP inhibitors. Chordin (a well recognized BMP inhibitor) and BMP-2 are expressed during oste...

    Authors: Manolis Heliotis and Eleftherios Tsiridis
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:115
    Content type: Editorial Published on:

  13. Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) is isolated as an androgen-induced growth factor, and has recently been shown to contribute to limb morphogenesis. The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of FGF8...

    Authors: Masako Uchii, Tadafumi Tamura, Toshio Suda, Masakazu Kakuni, Akira Tanaka and Ichiro Miki
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Adult mesenchymal stem cell therapy has a potential application in the biological treatment of disc degeneration. Our objectives were: to direct adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) from the sand ra...

    Authors: Hazel Tapp, Ray Deepe, Jane A Ingram, Marshall Kuremsky, Edward N Hanley Jr and Helen E Gruber
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Researchers studying fibromyalgia strive to identify objective, measurable biomarkers that may identify susceptible individuals, may facilitate diagnosis, or that parallel activity of the disease. Candidate ob...

    Authors: Dina Dadabhoy, Leslie J Crofford, Michael Spaeth, I Jon Russell and Daniel J Clauw
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:211
    Content type: Review Published on:

  17. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice is a commonly used experimental model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have previously identified a significant quantitative trait locus denoted Cia40 on chromosome 11 th...

    Authors: Maria Liljander, Ã…sa Andersson, Rikard Holmdahl and Ragnar Mattsson
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Chronic and debilitating low back pain is a common condition and a huge economic burden. Many cases are attributed to age-related degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD); however, age-related degeneratio...

    Authors: Sarah Kathleen Heathfield, Christine Lyn Le Maitre and Judith Alison Hoyland
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Apoptosis has been reported to occur in the intervertebral disc. Elsewhere in the body, apoptotic cells are cleared from the system via phagocytosis by committed phagocytes such as macrophages, reducing the ch...

    Authors: Philip Jones, Lucy Gardner, Janis Menage, Gwyn T Williams and Sally Roberts
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R86
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Sjögren's syndrome is a rheumatic disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands are the principal targets of a pathological autoimmune reaction. Previous studies in mice indicated that delayed organogenesi...

    Authors: Nicolas Delaleu and Roland Jonsson
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:114
    Content type: Editorial Published on:

  21. 5-Loxin® is a novel Boswellia serrata extract enriched with 30% 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), which exhibits potential anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. A 90-d...

    Authors: Krishanu Sengupta, Krishnaraju V Alluri, Andey Rama Satish, Simanchala Mishra, Trimurtulu Golakoti, Kadainti VS Sarma, Dipak Dey and Siba P Raychaudhuri
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Current cell therapy for cartilage regeneration requires invasive procedures, periosteal coverage and scaffold use. We have developed a novel transplantation method with synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ...

    Authors: Hideyuki Koga, Masayuki Shimaya, Takeshi Muneta, Akimoto Nimura, Toshiyuki Morito, Masaya Hayashi, Shiro Suzuki, Young-Jin Ju, Tomoyuki Mochizuki and Ichiro Sekiya
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R84
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are multipotent progenitor cells in adult tissues, for example, bone marrow (BM). Current challenges of clinical application of BM-derived MPCs include donor site morbidity ...

    Authors: Sasa Janjanin, Farida Djouad, Rabie M Shanti, Dolores Baksh, Kiran Gollapudi, Drago Prgomet, Lars Rackwitz, Arjun S Joshi and Rocky S Tuan
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R83
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Self-reactive T cells with low signalling capacity through the T-cell receptor were recently observed in the SKG mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and have been linked to a spontaneous mutation in the Z...

    Authors: Ranjeny Thomas, Malcolm Turner and Andrew P Cope
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:210
    Content type: Review Published on:

  25. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was first identified in the intervertebral disc (IVD) when its molecular upregulation was observed in sections of nucleus pulposus cultured under conditions of increase...

    Authors: Helen E Gruber, Jane A Ingram, Gretchen Hoelscher, Natalia Zinchenko, H James Norton and Edward N Hanley Jr
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R82
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The aim of this paper was to compare the efficacy of the treatments for fibromyalgia currently available in both primary care and specialised settings.

    Authors: Javier Garcia-Campayo, Jesus Magdalena, Rosa Magallón, Esther Fernández-García, Montserrat Salas and Eva Andrés
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. A feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several recent studies have implicated polymorphism in the IL-4 signalling pathway in the develop...

    Authors: Ioanna Marinou, Simon H Till, David J Moore and Anthony G Wilson
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R80
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) modulate tissue organization, cellular proliferation, matrix adhesion, growth factor and cytokine responses, and sterically protect the surface of collagen type I a...

    Authors: James Melrose, Emily S Fuller, Peter J Roughley, Margaret M Smith, Briedgeen Kerr, Clare E Hughes, Bruce Caterson and Christopher B Little
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R79
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. There is a lack of data relating the macroscopic appearance of cartilage to its ultrasound properties. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate degenerated cartilage and healthy-looking cartilage using...

    Authors: Hiroshi Kuroki, Yasuaki Nakagawa, Koji Mori, Masahiko Kobayashi, Ko Yasura, Yukihiro Okamoto, Takashi Suzuki, Kohei Nishitani and Takashi Nakamura
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on cell growth was examined in three-dimensional-cultured chondrocytes with a collagen sponge. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the mechanical activa...

    Authors: Ryohei Takeuchi, Akihide Ryo, Noriko Komitsu, Yuko Mikuni-Takagaki, Atsuko Fukui, Yuta Takagi, Toshihiko Shiraishi, Shin Morishita, Yoshiyuki Yamazaki, Ken Kumagai, Ichiro Aoki and Tomoyuki Saito
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Metallothionein (MT) isoforms I + II are polypeptides with potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. In healthy kidneys, MT-I+II have been described as intracellular proteins of proximal tubular c...

    Authors: Mikkel Faurschou, Milena Penkowa, Claus Bøgelund Andersen, Henrik Starklint and Søren Jacobsen
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The present study was carried out to assess whether IgA-class antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides (IgA anti-CCP) in recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis add diagnostic and/or prognostic information t...

    Authors: Anna Svärd, Alf Kastbom, Åsa Reckner-Olsson and Thomas Skogh
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) is a possible source of stem cells for the repair of articular cartilage defects. In this study, adherent proliferative cells were isolated from digests of IPFP tissue. The effects...

    Authors: Wasim S Khan, Simon R Tew, Adetola B Adesida and Timothy E Hardingham
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Despite the advent of biological therapies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, there is a compelling need to develop alternative therapeutic targets for nonresponders to existing treatments. Soluble rec...

    Authors: Pei Jin, Juan Zhang, Percy F Sumariwalla, Irene Ni, Brett Jorgensen, Damian Crawford, Suzanne Phillips, Marc Feldmann, H Michael Shepard and Ewa M Paleolog
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein that has a dual function. Inside the cell, HMGB1 binds DNA, regulating transcription and determining chromosomal architecture. Outside...

    Authors: David S Pisetsky, Helena Erlandsson-Harris and Ulf Andersson
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:209
    Content type: Review Published on:

  36. TNFα and high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) are two potent proinflammatory cytokines implicated as important mediators of arthritis. Increased levels of these cytokines are found in the join...

    Authors: Rille Pullerits, Ing-Marie Jonsson, George Kollias and Andrej Tarkowski
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Subchondral bone alterations represent an essential component of osteoarthritis (OA). Modifying the abnormal subchondral bone metabolism may be indicated to treat OA. We investigated the effect of diacerein an...

    Authors: Christelle Boileau, Steeve Kwan Tat, Jean-Pierre Pelletier, Saranette Cheng and Johanne Martel-Pelletier
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, of which N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a predictor. Ou...

    Authors: Sella A Provan, Kristin Angel, Sigrid Ødegård, Petter Mowinckel, Dan Atar and Tore K Kvien
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R70
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. In the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome, lymphocytic infiltration is preceded by an accumulation of dendritic cells in the submandibular glands (SMGs). NOD mice also exhibit an increas...

    Authors: Manon E Wildenberg, Cornelia G van Helden-Meeuwsen, Hemmo A Drexhage and Marjan A Versnel
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Large osteochondral defects of the weight-bearing zones of femoral condyles in young and active patients were treated by autologous transfer of the posterior femoral condyle (large osteochondral autogenous tra...

    Authors: Sepp Braun, Philipp Minzlaff, Regina Hollweck, Klaus Wörtler and Andreas B Imhoff
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Understanding how uric acid crystals provoke inflammation is crucial to improving our management of acute gout. It is well known that urate crystals stimulate monocytes and macrophages to elaborate inflammator...

    Authors: Alexander So
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:112
    Content type: Editorial Published on:

  43. IL-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine driving joint inflammation as well as systemic signs of inflammation, such as fever and acute phase protein production.

    Authors: Rieke Alten, Hermann Gram, Leo A Joosten, Wim B van den Berg, Joachim Sieper, Siegfrid Wassenberg, Gerd Burmester, Piet van Riel, Maria Diaz-Lorente, Gerardus JM Bruin, Thasia G Woodworth, Christiane Rordorf, Yannik Batard, Andrew M Wright and Thomas Jung
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Immunization with glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) induces severe arthritis in DBA/1 mice. The present study was designed to identify the cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules involved in the development o...

    Authors: Isao Matsumoto, Hua Zhang, Takanori Yasukochi, Keiichi Iwanami, Yoko Tanaka, Asuka Inoue, Daisuke Goto, Satoshi Ito, Akito Tsutsumi and Takayuki Sumida
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are critical growth factors in the osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells during development in embryos and fracture repair in adults. Although recombinant BMPs are i...

    Authors: Francois NK Kwong, Stephen M Richardson and Christopher H Evans
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R65
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The murine air pouch is a bursa-like space that resembles the human synovial membrane. Injection of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals into the pouch elicits an acute inflammatory response similar to human gout. ...

    Authors: Frank Pessler, Christian T Mayer, Sung Mun Jung, Ed M Behrens, Lie Dai, Joseph P Menetski and H Ralph Schumacher
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Physiological and pathophysiological cartilage turnover may coexist in articular cartilage. The distinct enzymatic processes leading to irreversible cartilage damage, compared with those needed for continuous ...

    Authors: Morten A Karsdal, Suzi H Madsen, Claus Christiansen, Kim Henriksen, Amanda J Fosang and Bodil C Sondergaard
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Rheumatoid arthritis is a heterogeneous disease with respect to clinical manifestations, serologic abnormalities, joint damage and functional impairment. Predicting outcome in a reliable way to allow for strat...

    Authors: Josef S Smolen, Daniel Aletaha, Johannes Grisar, Kurt Redlich, Günter Steiner and Oswald Wagner
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:208
    Content type: Review Published on:

  50. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a common condition, the pathogenesis of which is incompletely understood. Although leg-length inequality has been suggested as a potential risk factor for GTPS, thi...

    Authors: Neil A Segal, William Harvey, David T Felson, Mei Yang, James C Torner, Jeffrey R Curtis and Michael C Nevitt
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R62
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

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