American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Rheumatoid Arthritis G. Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: 2002 Update. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:328–46.
Article
Google Scholar
Summers GD, Deighton CM, Rennie MJ, Booth AH. Rheumatoid cachexia: a clinical perspective. Rheumatology. 2008;47:1124–31.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roubenoff R. Rheumatoid cachexia: a complication of rheumatoid arthritis moves into the 21st century. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11:108.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rieu I, Magne H, Savary-Auzeloux I, Averous J, Bos C, Peyron MA, et al. Reduction of low grade inflammation restores blunting of postprandial muscle anabolism and limits sarcopenia in old rats. J Physiol. 2009;587:5483–92.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Balage M, Averous J, Remond D, Bos C, Pujos-Guillot E, Papet I, et al. Presence of low-grade inflammation impaired postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in old rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2010;21:325–31.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Hees HW, Schellekens WJ, Linkels M, Leenders F, Zoll J, Donders R, et al. Plasma from septic shock patients induces loss of muscle protein. Crit Care. 2011;15:R233.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
He WA, Berardi E, Cardillo VM, Acharyya S, Aulino P, Thomas-Ahner J, et al. NF-kappaB-mediated Pax7 dysregulation in the muscle microenvironment promotes cancer cachexia. J Clin Invest. 2013;123:4821–35.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Op den Kamp CM, Langen RC, Snepvangers FJ, de Theije CC, Schellekens JM, Laugs F, et al. Nuclear transcription factor kappa B activation and protein turnover adaptations in skeletal muscle of patients with progressive stages of lung cancer cachexia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98:738–48.
Degens H, Alway SE. Control of muscle size during disuse, disease, and aging. Int J Sports Med. 2006;27:94–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Peterson JM, Bakkar N, Guttridge DC. NF-kappaB signaling in skeletal muscle health and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2011;96:85–119.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bonaldo P, Sandri M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy. Dis Moel Mech. 2013;6:25–39.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Marquis K, Debigare R, Lacasse Y, LeBlanc P, Jobin J, Carrier G, et al. Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area is a better predictor of mortality than body mass index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:809–13.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Prado CM, Lieffers JR, McCargar LJ, Reiman T, Sawyer MB, Martin L, et al. Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9:629–35.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Langen RC, Gosker HR, Remels AH, Schols AM. Triggers and mechanisms of skeletal muscle wasting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013;45:2245–56.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
D'Souza DM, Al-Sajee D, Hawke TJ. Diabetic myopathy: impact of diabetes mellitus on skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Front Physiol. 2013;4:379.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baker JF, Von Feldt J, Mostoufi-Moab S, Noaiseh G, Taratuta E, Kim W, et al. Deficits in muscle mass, muscle density, and modified associations with fat in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2014;66:1612–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Beenakker KG, Ling CH, Meskers CG, de Craen AJ, Stijnen T, Westendorp RG, et al. Patterns of muscle strength loss with age in the general population and patients with a chronic inflammatory state. Ageing Res Rev. 2010;9:431–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stenstrom CH, Minor MA. Evidence for the benefit of aerobic and strengthening exercise in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;49:428–34.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kerekes G, Nurmohamed MT, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Seres I, Paragh G, Kardos Z, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis and metabolic syndrome. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2014;10:691–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ferraz-Amaro I, Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Lopez-Mejias R, Riancho-Zarrabeitia L, Gonzalez-Gay MA. Metabolic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:710928.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ferraz-Amaro I, Garcia-Dopico JA, Medina-Vega L, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Diaz-Gonzalez F. Impaired beta cell function is present in nondiabetic rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013;15:R17.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sokka T, Abelson B, Pincus T. Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: 2008 update. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008;26:S35–61.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burd NA, Gorissen SH, van Loon LJ. Anabolic resistance of muscle protein synthesis with aging. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2013;41:169–73.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Castillero E, Martin AI, Lopez-Menduina M, Granado M, Villanua MA, Lopez-Calderon A. IGF-I system, atrogenes and myogenic regulatory factors in arthritis induced muscle wasting. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009;309:8–16.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Castillero E, Martin AI, Lopez-Menduina M, Villanua MA, Lopez-Calderon A. Eicosapentaenoic acid attenuates arthritis-induced muscle wasting acting on atrogin-1 and on myogenic regulatory factors. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009;297:R1322–31.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Castillero E, Nieto-Bona MP, Fernandez-Galaz C, Martin AI, Lopez-Menduina M, Granado M, et al. Fenofibrate, a PPAR{alpha} agonist, decreases atrogenes and myostatin expression and improves arthritis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011;300:E790–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Granado M, Martin AI, Priego T, Lopez-Calderon A, Villanua MA. Tumour necrosis factor blockade did not prevent the increase of muscular muscle RING finger-1 and muscle atrophy F-box in arthritic rats. J Endocrinol. 2006;191:319–26.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Granado M, Priego T, Martin AI, Vara E, Lopez-Calderon A, Angeles VM. Anti-tumor necrosis factor agent PEG-sTNFRI improves the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I system in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006;536:204–10.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Granado M, Martin AI, Villanua MA, Lopez-Calderon A. Experimental arthritis inhibits the insulin-like growth factor-I axis and induces muscle wasting through cyclooxygenase-2 activation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;292:E1656–65.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lopez-Menduina M, Martin AI, Castillero E, Villanua MA, Lopez-Calderon A. Systemic IGF-I administration attenuates the inhibitory effect of chronic arthritis on gastrocnemius mass and decreases atrogin-1 and IGFBP-3. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010;299:R541–51.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schakman O, Kalista S, Barbe C, Loumaye A, Thissen JP. Glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013;45:2163–72.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Metsios GS, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Douglas KM, Koutedakis Y, Nevill AM, Panoulas VF, et al. Blockade of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in rheumatoid arthritis: effects on components of rheumatoid cachexia. Rheumatology. 2007;46:1824–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hetland ML, Jensen DV, Krogh NS. Monitoring patients with rheumatoid arthritis in routine care: experiences from a treat-to-target strategy using the DANBIO registry. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014;32:141–6.
Google Scholar
Rall LC, Rosen CJ, Dolnikowski G, Hartman WJ, Lundgren N, Abad LW, et al. Protein metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis and aging. Effects of muscle strength training and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:1115–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marcora SM, Chester KR, Mittal G, Lemmey AB, Maddison PJ. Randomized phase 2 trial of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy for cachexia in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:1463–72.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Valle Y, Ledezma-Lozano IY, Torres-Carrillo N, Padilla-Gutierrez JR, Navarro-Hernandez RE, Vazquez-Del Mercado M, et al. Circulating TNFRI and TNFRII levels correlated with the disease activity score (DAS28) in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2009;38:332–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Metsios GS, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Treharne GJ, Nevill AM, Sandoo A, Panoulas VF, et al. Disease activity and low physical activity associate with number of hospital admissions and length of hospitalisation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13:R108.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bearne LM, Scott DL, Hurley MV. Exercise can reverse quadriceps sensorimotor dysfunction that is associated with rheumatoid arthritis without exacerbating disease activity. Rheumatology. 2002;41:157–66.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Østerbroundersøgelsen http://www.si-folkesundhed.dk/upload/6_østerbroundersøgelsen.pdf.
Aadahl M, Jorgensen T. Validation of a new self-report instrument for measuring physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:1196–202.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim J, Wang Z, Heymsfield SB, Baumgartner RN, Gallagher D. Total-body skeletal muscle mass: estimation by a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:378–83.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Arshad A, Rashid R, Benjamin K. The effect of disease activity on fat-free mass and resting energy expenditure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis versus noninflammatory arthropathies/soft tissue rheumatism. Modern Rheumatol. 2007;17:470–5.
Article
Google Scholar
Mikkelsen UR, Couppe C, Karlsen A, Grosset JF, Schjerling P, Mackey AL, et al. Life-long endurance exercise in humans: circulating levels of inflammatory markers and leg muscle size. Mech Ageing Dev. 2013;134:531–40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Volpi E, Chinkes DL, Rasmussen BB. Sequential muscle biopsies during a 6-h tracer infusion do not affect human mixed muscle protein synthesis and muscle phenylalanine kinetics. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008;295:E959–63.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bergstrom J. Percutaneous needle biopsy of skeletal muscle in physiological and clinical research. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1975;35:609–16.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bechshoeft R, Dideriksen KJ, Reitelseder S, Scheike T, Kjaer M, Holm L. The anabolic potential of dietary protein intake on skeletal muscle is prolonged by prior light-load exercise. Clin Nutr. 2013;32:236–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mikkelsen UR, Schjerling P, Helmark IC, Reitelseder S, Holm L, Skovgaard D, et al. Local NSAID infusion does not affect protein synthesis and gene expression in human muscle after eccentric exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011;21:630–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Duijnisveld BJ, Bigot A, Beenakker KG, Portilho DM, Raz V, van der Heide HJ, et al. Regenerative potential of human muscle stem cells in chronic inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13:R207.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aletaha D, Alasti F, Smolen JS. Rheumatoid arthritis near remission: clinical rather than laboratory inflammation is associated with radiographic progression. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:1975–80.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Crowson CS, Myasoedova E, Davis 3rd JM, Matteson EL, Roger VL, Therneau TM, et al. Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome associated with rheumatoid arthritis in patients without clinical cardiovascular disease. J Rheumatol. 2011;38:29–35.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Matschke V, Murphy P, Lemmey AB, Maddison P, Thom JM. Skeletal muscle properties in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42:2149–55.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Giles JT, Allison M, Blumenthal RS, Post W, Gelber AC, Petri M, et al. Abdominal adiposity in rheumatoid arthritis: association with cardiometabolic risk factors and disease characteristics. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:3173–82.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Helliwell PS, Jackson S. Relationship between weakness and muscle wasting in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1994;53:726–8.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hakkinen A, Sokka T, Kotaniemi A, Paananen ML, Malkia E, Kautiainen H, et al. Muscle strength characteristics and central bone mineral density in women with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis compared with healthy controls. Scand J Rheumatol. 1999;28:145–51.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gibson JN, Poyser NL, Morrison WL, Scrimgeour CM, Rennie MJ. Muscle protein synthesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effect of chronic corticosteroid therapy on prostaglandin F2 alpha availability. Eur J Clin Invest. 1991;21:406–12.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dideriksen KJ, Reitelseder S, Petersen SG, Hjort M, Helmark IC, Kjaer M, et al. Stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by whey and caseinate ingestion after resistance exercise in elderly individuals. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011;21:e372–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tatsumi R, Anderson JE, Nevoret CJ, Halevy O, Allen RE. HGF/SF is present in normal adult skeletal muscle and is capable of activating satellite cells. Dev Biol. 1998;194:114–28.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sambasivan R, Tajbakhsh S. Adult skeletal muscle stem cells. Results Probl Cell Differ. 2015;56:191–213.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rodgers JT, King KY, Brett JO, Cromie MJ, Charville GW, Maguire KK, et al. mTORC1 controls the adaptive transition of quiescent stem cells from G0 to G(Alert). Nature. 2014;510:393–6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hubal MJ, Chen TC, Thompson PD, Clarkson PM. Inflammatory gene changes associated with the repeated-bout effect. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008;294:R1628–37.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Weinheimer EM, Jemiolo B, Carroll CC, Harber MP, Haus JM, Burd NA, et al. Resistance exercise and cyclooxygenase (COX) expression in human skeletal muscle: implications for COX-inhibiting drugs and protein synthesis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007;292:R2241–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buford TW, Cooke MB, Willoughby DS. Resistance exercise-induced changes of inflammatory gene expression within human skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;107:463–71.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burd NA, Dickinson JM, LeMoine JK, Carroll CC, Sullivan BE, Haus JM, et al. Effect of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on postexercise muscle protein synthesis in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010;298:E354–61.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mikkelsen UR, Paulsen G, Schjerling P, Helmark IC, Langberg H, Kjaer M, et al. The heat shock protein response following eccentric exercise in human skeletal muscle is unaffected by local NSAID infusion. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013;113:1883–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Raue U, Slivka D, Jemiolo B, Hollon C, Trappe S. Myogenic gene expression at rest and after a bout of resistance exercise in young (18–30 yr) and old (80–89 yr) women. J Appl Physiol. 2006;101:53–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Drummond MJ, Miyazaki M, Dreyer HC, Pennings B, Dhanani S, Volpi E, et al. Expression of growth-related genes in young and older human skeletal muscle following an acute stimulation of protein synthesis. J Appl Physiol. 2009;106:1403–11.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hotamisligil GS, Murray DL, Choy LN, Spiegelman BM. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits signaling from the insulin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91:4854–8.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grounds MD, Radley HG, Gebski BL, Bogoyevitch MA, Shavlakadze T. Implications of cross-talk between tumour necrosis factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling in skeletal muscle. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2008;35:846–51.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Merritt EK, Stec MJ, Thalacker-Mercer A, Windham ST, Cross JM, Shelley DP, et al. Heightened muscle inflammation susceptibility may impair regenerative capacity in aging humans. J Appl Physiol. 2013;115:937–48.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McKay BR, Ogborn DI, Baker JM, Toth KG, Tarnopolsky MA, Parise G. Elevated SOCS3 and altered IL-6 signaling is associated with age-related human muscle stem cell dysfunction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2013;304:C717–28.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Raue U, Slivka D, Jemiolo B, Hollon C, Trappe S. Proteolytic gene expression differs at rest and after resistance exercise between young and old women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:1407–12.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
McKay BR, Ogborn DI, Bellamy LM, Tarnopolsky MA, Parise G. Myostatin is associated with age-related human muscle stem cell dysfunction. FASEB J. 2012;26:2509–21.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar