Gladman DD, Urowitz MB. Morbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1987;14 Suppl 13:223–6.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Urowitz MB, Ibanez D, Gladman DD. Atherosclerotic vascular events in a single large lupus cohort: prevalence and risk factors. J Rheumatol. 2007;34(1):70–5.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Abu-Shakra M, Urowitz MB, Gladman DD, Gough J. Mortality studies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Results from a single center. II. Predictor variables for mortality. J Rheumatol. 1995;22(7):1265–70.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Petri M, Perez-Gutthann S, Spence D, Hochberg MC. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med. 1992;93(5):513–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Manzi S, Meilahn EN, Rairie JE, Conte CG, Medsger Jr TA, Jansen-McWilliams L, et al. Age-specific incidence rates of myocardial infarction and angina in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison with the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;145(5):408–15.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salmon JE, Roman MJ. Subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med. 2008;121(10 Suppl 1):S3–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lori Mosca EJB. Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. Circulation. 2011;123:1243–62.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chou R, Arora B, Dana T, Fu R, Walker M, Humphrey L. Screening asymptomatic adults with resting or exercise electrocardiography: a review of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(6):375–85.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hochberg MC. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40(9):1725.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gladman DD, Ibanez D, Urowitz MB. Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(2):288–91.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gladman DD, Urowitz MB. The SLICC/ACR damage index: progress report and experience in the field. Lupus. 1999;8(8):632–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Touma Z, Gladman DD, Tulloch-Reid D, Toloza SM, Ibanez D, Fortin PR, et al. Burden of autoantibodies and association with disease activity and damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010;28(4):525–31.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blackburn H. Classification of the electrocardiogram for population studies: Minnesota Code. J Electrocardiol. 1969;2(3):305–10.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ibanez D, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB. Adjusted mean Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-2 K is a predictor of outcome in SLE. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(5):824–7.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roman MJ, Crow MK, Lockshin MD, Devereux RB, Paget SA, Sammaritano L, et al. Rate and determinants of progression of atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(10):3412–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Menotti A, Seccareccia F. Electrocardiographic Minnesota code findings predicting short-term mortality in asymptomatic subjects. The Italian RIFLE Pooling Project (Risk Factors and Life Expectancy). G Ital Cardiol. 1997;27(1):40–9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Doria A, Shoenfeld Y, Wu R, Gambari PF, Puato M, Ghirardello A, et al. Risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in a prospective cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(11):1071–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Toloza SM, Uribe AG, McGwin Jr G, Alarcon GS, Fessler BJ, Bastian HM, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic US cohort (LUMINA). XXIII. Baseline predictors of vascular events. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(12):3947–57.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Urowitz MB, Gladman DD. Late mortality in SLE—“the price we pay for control”. J Rheumatol. 1980;7(3):412–6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ahmad Y, Shelmerdine J, Bodill H, Lunt M, Pattrick MG, Teh LS, et al. Subclinical atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): the relative contribution of classic risk factors and the lupus phenotype. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46(6):983–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Roman MJ, Shanker BA, Davis A, Lockshin MD, Sammaritano L, Simantov R, et al. Prevalence and correlates of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(25):2399–406.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Svenungsson E, Jensen-Urstad K, Heimburger M, Silveira A, Hamsten A, de Faire U, et al. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Circulation. 2001;104(16):1887–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Asanuma Y, Oeser A, Shintani AK, Turner E, Olsen N, Fazio S, et al. Premature coronary artery atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(25):2407–15.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Andrade D, Bortolotto L, Bonfa E, Borba E. Primary antiphospholipid syndrome: absence of premature atherosclerosis in patients without traditional coronary artery disease risk factors. Lupus. 2016;25(5):472–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gopal DM, Kalogeropoulos AP, Georgiopoulou VV, Smith AL, Bauer DC, Newman AB, et al. Cigarette smoking exposure and heart failure risk in older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Am Heart J. 2012;164(2):236–42.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cuddy TE, Tate RB. Sudden unexpected cardiac death as a function of time since the detection of electrocardiographic and clinical risk factors in apparently healthy men: the Manitoba Follow-Up Study, 1948 to 2004. Can J Cardiol. 2006;22(3):205–11.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
De Bacquer D, De Backer G, Kornitzer M, Blackburn H. Prognostic value of ECG findings for total, cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease death in men and women. Heart. 1998;80(6):570–7.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Greenland P, Xie X, Liu K, Colangelo L, Liao Y, Daviglus ML, et al. Impact of minor electrocardiographic ST-segment and/or T-wave abnormalities on cardiovascular mortality during long-term follow-up. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91(9):1068–74.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Larsen CT, Dahlin J, Blackburn H, Scharling H, Appleyard M, Sigurd B, et al. Prevalence and prognosis of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, ST segment depression and negative T-wave; the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Heart J. 2002;23(4):315–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Machado DB, Crow RS, Boland LL, Hannan PJ, Taylor Jr HA, Folsom AR. Electrocardiographic findings and incident coronary heart disease among participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97(8):1176–81.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
De Bacquer D, De Backer G, Kornitzer M, Myny K, Doyen Z, Blackburn H. Prognostic value of ischemic electrocardiographic findings for cardiovascular mortality in men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32(3):680–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brown DW, Giles WH, Croft JB. Left ventricular hypertrophy as a predictor of coronary heart disease mortality and the effect of hypertension. Am Heart J. 2000;140(6):848–56.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pizova NV. Cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psihiatrii imeni SS Korsakova. 2013;113(12):113–6.
CAS
Google Scholar
Liao YL, Liu KA, Dyer A, Schoenberger JA, Shekelle RB, Colette P, et al. Major and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities and risk of death from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases and all causes in men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;12(6):1494–500.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sutherland SE, Gazes PC, Keil JE, Gilbert GE, Knapp RG. Electrocardiographic abnormalities and 30-year mortality among white and black men of the Charleston Heart Study. Circulation. 1993;88(6):2685–92.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rasmussen PV, Nielsen JB, Pietersen A, Graff C, Lind B, Struijk JJ, et al. Electrocardiographic precordial ST-segment deviations and the risk of cardiovascular death: results from the Copenhagen ECG Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3(3):e000549.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar