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  1. IFN-β treatment is emerging as a potentially effective form of therapy in various immune-mediated conditions. The present review addresses the possible role of IFN-β in immune-mediated diseases such as multipl...

    Authors: Judith van Holten, Christine Plater-Zyberk and Paul P Tak
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:346
  2. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience excess cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated the effects of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) and dietary intervention on CVD risk in infl...

    Authors: Patrick H Dessein, Barry I Joffe and Anne E Stanwix
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:R12
  3. To examine whether the lack of sufficient neoangiogenesis in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is caused by a decrease in angiogenic factors and/or an increase in angiostatic factors, the potent proangiogenic molecules...

    Authors: Oliver Distler, Angela del Rosso, Roberto Giacomelli, Paola Cipriani, Maria L Conforti, Serena Guiducci, Renate E Gay, Beat A Michel, Pius Brühlmann, Ulf Müller-Ladner, Steffen Gay and Marco Matucci-Cerinic
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:R11
  4. Nurse-like stromal cell lines from the synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA-SNC) produce, on coculture with lymphocytes, large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines. In the present paper, w...

    Authors: Eiji Takeuchi, Toshiyuki Tanaka, Eiji Umemoto, Tetsuya Tomita, Kenrin Shi, Koichiro Takahi, Ryuji Suzuki, Takahiro Ochi and Masayuki Miyasaka
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:R10
  5. Therapeutic options for patients with more severe forms of spondyloarthritis (SpA) have been rather limited in recent decades. There is accumulating evidence that anti-tumor-necrosis-factor (anti-TNF) therapy ...

    Authors: Juergen Braun and Joachim Sieper
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:307
  6. Interleukin (IL)-12, being a major cytokine that induces T helper (Th) 1 differentiation and inflammatory response, has been postulated to be an important mediator of synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthri...

    Authors: Milja Möttönen, Pia Isomäki, Reijo Luukkainen and Olli Lassila
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:R9
  7. The chronic arthropathies of childhood share clinical and pathological features with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. Both are autoimmune diseases characterized by a destructive arthropathy. Both are likel...

    Authors: Sampath Prahalad and David N Glass
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):303

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

  8. T-cell responses to antigens are classified on the basis of the cytokines they produce as either Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) or Th2 (IL-4, IL-10), with these Th types being indicative of either cell-mediated or antibody...

    Authors: Edward F Rosloniec, Kary Latham and Yajaira B Guedez
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:333
  9. Relapsing polychondritis is an autoimmune disease in which an inappropriate immune response destroys cartilage. Cartilage of the ears, larynx and nose rather than spine and joint cartilage is affected by a chr...

    Authors: Ann-Sofie Hansson and Rikard Holmdahl
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:296
  10. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular profile of proliferating rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RA-SF). Total RNA was extracted from two cultures of RA-SF (low-density [LD] proliferating...

    Authors: Kimio Masuda, Riako Masuda, Michel Neidhart, Beat R Simmen, Beat A Michel, Ulf Müller-Ladner, Renate E Gay and Steffen Gay
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:R8
  11. Anti-tumor-necrosis-factor-α (TNF-α) monoclonal antibody was used to treat Tg197 transgenic mice, which constitutively produce human TNF-α (hTNF-α) and develop a progressive polyarthritic disease. Treatment of...

    Authors: David J Shealy, Paul H Wooley, Eva Emmell, Amy Volk, Amy Rosenberg, George Treacy, Carrie L Wagner, Lois Mayton, Don E Griswold and Xiao-yu R Song
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:R7
  12. To confirm an association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and the presence of antibodies to Smith (Sm), to ribonucleoprotein (RNP), and to a component of the U1 ribonucleoproteins (U1-70 kD), we measur...

    Authors: Beth C Marshall, Richard A McPherson, Eric Greidinger, Robert Hoffman and Stuart P Adler
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:R6
  13. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients experience a markedly increased frequency of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated cardiovascular risk profiles in 79 RA patients and in 39 age-matched and sex-matched osteoar...

    Authors: Patrick H Dessein, Anne E Stanwix and Barry I Joffe
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:R5
  14. Patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) have characteristic lymphocytic infiltrates of the salivary glands. To determine whether the B cells accumulating in the salivary glands of SS patients represent a distinc...

    Authors: Annett M Jacobi, Arne Hansen, Olaf Kaufmann, Axel Pruss, Gerd R Burmester, Peter E Lipsky and Thomas Dörner
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:R4
  15. Anti-Golgi complex autoantibodies are found primarily in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus, although they are not restricted to these diseases. Several Golgi autoantigens have b...

    Authors: Kazuhisa Nozawa, Carlos A Casiano, John C Hamel, Christine Molinaro, Marvin J Fritzler and Edward KL Chan
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4:R3
  16. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in a variety of rheumatic and inflammatory diseases. New understanding of the importance of TNF-α in the pathophysiology...

    Authors: Joachim R Kalden
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 2):S34

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 2

  17. There are currently unprecedented opportunities to treat rheumatoid arthritis using well-designed, highly effective, targeted therapies. This will result in a substantial improvement in the outcome of this dis...

    Authors: Hani D El-Gabalawy and Peter E Lipsky
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):S297

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

  18. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is relatively constant in many populations, at 0.5–1.0%. However, a high prevalence of RA has been reported in the Pima Indians (5.3%) and in the Chippewa Indians (6...

    Authors: Alan J Silman and Jacqueline E Pearson
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):S265

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

  19. Regulation of osteoclast differentiation is an aspect central to the understanding of the pathogenesis and the treatment of bone diseases such as autoimmune arthritis and osteoporosis. In fact, excessive signa...

    Authors: Hiroshi Takayanagi, Sunhwa Kim and Tadatsugu Taniguchi
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):S227

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

  20. This paper presents a brief review of several lines of evidence suggesting that chemokine receptors on dendritic cells play an important role in breaking tolerance to self and in inducing autoimmunity. First, ...

    Authors: Joost J Oppenheim, De Yang, Arya Biragyn, OM Zack Howard and Paul Plotz
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):S183

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

  21. Several groups have documented the expression of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue over the past 15 years or so. These studies have indicated that most cytokines examined are expressed at the m...

    Authors: Fionula Mary Brennan and Andrew David Foey
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):S177

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

  22. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a 14-15-kDa member of the 4α helix bundle family of cytokines that stimulate T and NK (natural killer) cells. IL-15 and IL-2 utilize heterotrimeric receptors that include the cytokine...

    Authors: Thomas Waldmann
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):S161

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

  23. The human leukocyte antigen HLA-B27 is strongly associated with development of a group of inflammatory arthritides collectively known as the spondyloarthritides. We have set out to define the natural immunolog...

    Authors: Andrew McMichael and Paul Bowness
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):S153

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

  24. Genetic susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a common autoimmune disease, is associated with certain HLA-DR4 alleles. Treatments are rarely curative and are often tied to major side effects. We describ...

    Authors: Rüdiger Eming, Kevin Visconti, Frances Hall, Chiyoko Sekine, Kayta Kobayashi, Qun Chen, Andrew Cope, Satoshi Kanazawa, Matija Peterlin, Antonius Rijnders, Annemieke Boots, Jan Meijerink and Grete Sønderstrup
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):S133

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

  25. Immune responses are initiated in the T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid organs where naïve T lymphocytes encounter dendritic cells (DCs) that present antigens taken up in peripheral tissues. DCs represent the...

    Authors: Federica Sallusto and Antonio Lanzavecchia
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):S127

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

  26. T-cell activation requires interaction of T-cell antigen receptors with proteins of the major histocompatibility complex (antigen). This interaction takes place in a specialized cell–cell junction referred to ...

    Authors: Michael L Dustin
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):S119

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

  27. Interactions with endothelium are necessary for leukocytes to pass from the blood into extravascular tissues, and such interactions are facilitated in inflammation by the coordinated expression of endothelial ...

    Authors: Dorian O Haskard and R Clive Landis
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):S91

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

  28. Tissue engineering offers new strategies for developing treatments for the repair and regeneration of damaged and diseased tissues. These treatments, using living cells, will exploit new developments in unders...

    Authors: Tim Hardingham, Simon Tew and Alan Murdoch
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):S63

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

  29. Understanding of how interactions between genes and environment contribute to the development of arthritis is a central issue in understanding the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as for eventual...

    Authors: Lars Klareskog, Johnny Lorentzen, Leonid Padyukov and Lars Alfredsson
    Citation: Arthritis Research & Therapy 2002 4(Suppl 3):S31

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 4 Supplement 3

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